Module 4: Lasers

Topics

• Einstein’s theory of matter radiation interaction and A and B coefficients →
• amplification of light by population inversion →
• laser speckles →
• Introduction to Optical fiber →
• acceptance angle and cone →
• Numerical aperture →
• V number →
• attenuation →
• different types of lasers: gas lasers ( He-Ne →
• CO2) →
• solid-state lasers(ruby →
• Neodymium) →
• Properties of laser beams: mono-chromaticity →
• coherence →
• directionality and brightness →
• applications of lasers in science →
• engineering and medicine →