Database Management Systems

Basic Concepts of Data and Information Overview of Information Systems File organization and access methods Introduction to DBMS Difference between DBMS and traditional file storage system Characteristics of DBMS DBMS architecture Components of DBMS Data Independence Study of Entity Relationship Model Type of attributes Entity types Relationship and Cardinalities Data Models Schemas and Instances Participation Roles and constraints

Relational Data Model Keys and types of keys Integrity Constraints Relational Algebra Relational Calculus Tuple calculus Query Language SQL Basic SQL queries SQL functions and constraints Joins and nested queries QBE (Query By Example) Indexing PL/SQL Domains Tuples Attributes Relations Queries using Select project renaming joins union intersection difference division and product

Normalization Theory and Database methodologies Relation Schemas Functional Dependencies Definition and rules of axioms Dependency preservation Properties and loss less join decomposition Query Processing and Optimization Complexity measures Normal forms 1NF 2NF 3NF and BCNF Various algorithms to implement select project and join operation of relational algebra

Transaction Processing Introduction to Concurrency and Recovery Read and Write Operations Transaction properties Transaction states Schedules Concurrency Control Types of Locks Timestamp Based and Validation Based Protocols Multiversion schemes Recovery Basic concepts Techniques based on deferred update and immediate update Shadow paging Check points Serializability types of serializability and test for serializability

Storage structure Secondary Storage Devices RAID Heap Files and Sorted files Hashing techniques Indexing techniques Bitmap Indices Case Study of contemporary DBMS